Guidelines on sperm DNA fragmentation testing

Male factor subfertility is present in more than 50% of the couples treated with assisted reproductive techniques. Routine semen analysis provides information on semen volume as well as sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Standardized methods have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO) (1). Nevertheless the investigation of male factor involvement should always include a complete medical history and physical examination. Endocrine evaluation, ultrasonography, specialized tests on semen and sperm, and genetic screening are additional tests to be used if required.