The future of active surveillance

Active surveillance (AS) consists of four elements, each of which is amenable to improvement and will likely change over the next decade. These are (I) the diagnostic algorithm leading to the initial finding of favorable risk prostate cancer; (II) establishing the indolent nature of the patient’s known disease and ensuring there is no co-existent higher grade cancer; (III) identifying grade progression over time, and (IV) interventions to reduce the risk of disease progression.