The timing of radical cystectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Low-morbidity therapies such as intravesical chemo- and immunotherapies and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) are effective options for patients with localized, non-invasive bladder cancer. However, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) typically requires more definitive management that is often associated with a higher morbidity and a higher rate of perioperative complications, and radical cystectomy (RC) is regarded as the standard of care for patients with advanced disease (1).