Editorial


Role of heat shock proteins in bladder cancer: potential biomarkers for treatment response and oncological prognosis

Jorge Daza, Zeynep Gul, John P. Sfakianos

Abstract

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and BCG intravesical instillation have been the gold standard for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treatment in patients with intermediate and high-risk disease (1,2). However, patients with T1 high grade (T1HG) disease still have relatively poor outcomes with 11.4 and 19.8% of patients experiencing disease progression at 1 and 5 years, respectively and disease specific mortality rates of 4.8% and 11.2%, respectively (3). The identification of biomarkers that could appropriately select patients who will benefit from BCG therapy would be greatly beneficial for optimizing outcomes and minimizing overtreatment.

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