Prostate cancer screening and active surveillance are two topics within the field of prostate cancer research that have evolved from virtually non-existing in the 70s of the last century to now being in the centre of research. While it has been shown that PSA based screening can save lives, it is clear that a screening algorithm on the basis of PSA and random systematic prostate biopsy is not the way to go. It leads to unacceptable rates of unnecessary (repeat) testing and, in addition, leads to thousands of men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer that often get risky treatment they don’t need.This special issue of the Translational Andrology and Urology (TAU) journal provides an overview of the most up-to-date and scientifically valid approaches to prostate cancer screening and active surveillance, with the aim of keeping benefit and reducing harm.

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Guest Editor

Monique J. Roobol

Professor of Decision Making in Urology, Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands