Differential expression of ALOX15 and GPX4 in the testicular tissue of men with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia: a cross-sectional study

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death. Oxidative stress (OS), accumulation of ferrous ions, and lipid peroxidation products are key features that induce ferroptosis. This study examined the levels of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), which promotes lipid peroxidation, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a vital antioxidant enzyme, in testicular tissue from patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) and across non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) subgroups categorized into mild, moderate, and severe hypospermatogenesis (HS).